Category Archives: Ambiguity

“Full Time”—It’s Not Clear Enough

In its recent opinion in In re C.P.Y. (copy here), the Texas Court of Appeals had occasion to consider the phrase “full-time basis,” and it concluded that it’s ambiguous. Youst (the husband) was required to pay Wells (the wife) alimony …

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Phantom Ambiguity in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania?

On December 1, 2007, AVAX Technologies and one Francois Martelet entered into an employment agreement providing for Martelet to serve as AVAX’s CEO. It all ended in litigation, and recently the District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania issued this …

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The U.S. Supreme Court Dabbles in Part-Versus-the-Whole Ambiguity

In an opinion issued this week (here) the U.S. Supreme Court considered the alternative possible meanings of “not an.” Here’s the relevant passage: Truth be told, the answer to the general question “What does ‘not an’ mean?” is “It depends”: …

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The Limits of Part-Versus-the-Whole Clarity

I currently find myself wrestling with what might seem interstitial stuff. It falls within “the part versus the whole”—my umbrella term for uncertainty over which members of a group you’re referring to. Consider the following: If Acme breaks a Widget …

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Seeking Caselaw Featuring Antecedent Ambiguity

In this December 2011 post I wrote about a contract dispute caused by uncertainty over what the phrase “said cost” referred to. On further reflection, I realized that we were dealing with a kind of ambiguity that I hadn’t written …

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You Be the Judge! Interpreting Contract Language at Issue in a Recent Connecticut Case

The following language was at issue in a recent case before the Appellate Court of Connecticut, Loso v. Loso, 132 Conn. App. 257 (2011): The defendant agrees to pay for one-half the cost of Sarah’s college educational expenses for a four …

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Business Law Today Publishes My New Article “Making a Mess of Ambiguity”

Business Law Today, the online magazine of the Section of Business Law of the ABA, has published my new article Making a Mess of Ambiguity: Lessons from the Third Circuit’s Opinion in Meyer v. CUNA Mutual Insurance Society. It explores, in …

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The Parameters of Expert Testimony on Ambiguity

When someone wants to discuss my giving expert testimony in a dispute over the meaning of part of a contract, it’s a safe bet that the confusion over meaning will involve one or other (or both) of the following kinds …

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How Would You Have Drafted It?

Via this post on the California Corporate & Securities Law blog, which is maintained by Keith Paul Bishop of Allen Matkins, I learned of the recent Ninth Circuit opinion in WPP Luxembourg Gamma Three Sarl v. Spot Runner, Inc. (go …

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Syntactic Ambiguity in NYC’s Firefighter Eligibility Requirements?

Syntactic ambiguity is ambiguity that arises due to uncertainty regarding which part of a phrase a given word modifies, or which part of a sentence a given phrase modifies. Syntactic ambiguity can arise in any kind of writing, and examples …

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A Little Syntactic Ambiguity, A Lot of Time and Money Wasted

The opinion just issued by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals in Anderson v. Hess Corporation (go here for a PDF copy) primarily concerns the phrase “drilling or reworking operations”. It occurs several times in the five mineral leases at …

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What Does “Subcontractor” Mean?

In its recent opinion in Mosser Construction, Inc. v. Travelers Indemnity Co. (go here for a PDF copy), the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals devotes several pages to the meaning of “subcontractor” for purposes of an insurance policy. Why? Because …

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Everything You Wanted to Know About “And/Or”

When I’m overcome with the urge to consider use of and/or in legal writing, I now know where to go: to this post on Slaw by Ted Tjaden, national director of knowledge management at the Canadian law firm McMillan. I …

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Ambiguous or Not? You Too Can Play!

It’s pretty easy to find instances of a court offering a shaky analysis of ambiguity. I recently submitted to a periodical an article about a head-scratching instance of such misdiagnosis—let’s see if it’s accepted. In the interim, you might want …

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Distinguishing Between the Sources of Uncertainty in Contract Language

A recent opinion of the Court of Appeals of New Mexico, Sabatini v. Roybal (PDF copy here), caught my attention. It reminded me how tricky it can be to distinguish between the sources of uncertainty in contract language. The phrase at …

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What Does “Hereunder” Refer To?

Thanks to @TraciRiccitello, I learned of this Kelley Drye analysis of a recent Maryland Court of Appeals case, Weichert v. Faust. This dispute serves as a reminder of the potential ambiguity of -here and -there words, in this case hereunder. …

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Misdiagnosing Uncertainty in Contract Language

I recently learned of a Wisconsin appellate case, Appleton Papers, Inc. v. Andritz, Inc., 2011 WL 867754 (Wis. Ct. App.) It provides an interesting example of the confusion that can follow if you misdiagnose the sources of uncertainty in contract …

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Some Lexical Ambiguity to Start the New Year

Thanks to reader Steven Sholk, I learned about the recent Ninth Circuit opinion in Richey v. Metaxpert LLC. (Click here to go to a PDF copy.) Before Richey started working for the appellants, in 2007 he signed an employment contract in …

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Delaware Chancery Court Addresses Confusion Caused by Indefinite Article

Via this post on the Delaware Corporate and Commercial Litigation Blog I learned of an opinion that the Delaware Court of Chancery issued last month. The case is Ion Geophysical Corp. v. Fletcher International, Ltd., C.A. No. 5050-VCP; go here for …

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More Lexical Ambiguity: Is a Motorized Wheelchair a Vehicle?

The ABA Journal contains this item about how Florida police are weighing possible charges against a St. Petersburg man whose motorized wheelchair collided with a scooter, killing the other driver. Apparently, the charges could range from jaywalking to reckless driving, depending …

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